Study the Bible · Scripture · Observation · Application · Prayer
S.O.A.P.
The simplest method there is, and the one most people should start with. Four steps, one page, fifteen minutes. Read the passage, write what you see, decide what you will do, pray it back. Do this daily for a month and you will know more Bible than most people learn in years.
Other methods: Follow the Rabbit · Observe · Interpret · Apply · Verse Map · Topical Recon · Character Study · Book Recon · Pray the Text